简单验证
import requests
url = "http://www.baidu.com/"
proxies = {"http": "http://x.x.x.x:端口号码"}
#空白位置为测试代理ip和代理ip使用端口
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0"}
#响应头
res = requests.get(url, proxies=proxies, headers=headers)
#发起请求
print(res.status_code) #返回响应码
正常有效的可用代理ip返回的应该是响应码200 并添加到数据库
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抓取www.xicidaili 并保存到文本
import requestsfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoupimport lxmlfrom multiprocessing import Process, Queueimport randomimport jsonimport timeimport requests class Proxies(object): """docstring for Proxies""" def __init__(self, page=3): self.proxies = [] self.verify_pro = [] self.page = page self.headers = { 'Accept': '*/*', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch', 'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8' } self.get_proxies() self.get_proxies_nn() def get_proxies(self): page = random.randint(1,10) page_stop = page + self.page while page < page_stop: url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nt/%d' % page html = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers).content soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml') ip_list = soup.find(id='ip_list') for odd in ip_list.find_all(class_='odd'): protocol = odd.find_all('td')[5].get_text().lower()+'://' self.proxies.append(protocol + ':'.join([x.get_text() for x in odd.find_all('td')[1:3]])) page += 1 def get_proxies_nn(self): page = random.randint(1,10) page_stop = page + self.page while page < page_stop: url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/%d' % page html = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers).content soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml') ip_list = soup.find(id='ip_list') for odd in ip_list.find_all(class_='odd'): protocol = odd.find_all('td')[5].get_text().lower() + '://' self.proxies.append(protocol + ':'.join([x.get_text() for x in odd.find_all('td')[1:3]])) page += 1 def verify_proxies(self): # 没验证的代理 old_queue = Queue() # 验证后的代理 new_queue = Queue() print ('verify proxy........') works = [] for _ in range(15): works.append(Process(target=self.verify_one_proxy, args=(old_queue,new_queue))) for work in works: work.start() for proxy in self.proxies: old_queue.put(proxy) for work in works: old_queue.put(0) for work in works: work.join() self.proxies = [] while 1: try: self.proxies.append(new_queue.get(timeout=1)) except: break print ('verify_proxies done!') def verify_one_proxy(self, old_queue, new_queue): while 1: proxy = old_queue.get() if proxy == 0:break protocol = 'https' if 'https' in proxy else 'http' proxies = {protocol: proxy} try: if requests.get('http://www.baidu.com', proxies=proxies, timeout=2).status_code == 200: print ('success %s' % proxy) new_queue.put(proxy) except: print ('fail %s' % proxy) if __name__ == '__main__': a = Proxies() a.verify_proxies() print (a.proxies) proxie = a.proxies with open('proxies.txt', 'a') as f: for proxy in proxie: f.write(proxy+'\n') 中间件处理
import randomimport scrapyfrom scrapy import logimport time # logger = logging.getLogger() class ProxyMiddleWare(object): """docstring for ProxyMiddleWare""" def process_request(self,request, spider): '''对request对象加上proxy''' proxy = self.get_random_proxy() print("this is request ip:"+proxy) request.meta['proxy'] = proxy def process_response(self, request, response, spider): '''对返回的response处理''' # 如果返回的response状态不是200,重新生成当前request对象 if response.status != 200: proxy = self.get_random_proxy() print("this is response ip:"+proxy) # 对当前reque加上代理 request.meta['proxy'] = proxy return request return response def get_random_proxy(self): '''随机从文件中读取proxy''' while 1: with open('.\proxies.txt', 'r') as f: proxies = f.readlines() if proxies: break else: time.sleep(1) proxy = random.choice(proxies).strip() return proxy setting中修改中间件
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'youx.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware':None,
'youx.middlewares.ProxyMiddleWare':125,
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware':None
}
参考:https://www.jianshu.com/p/8449b9c397bb?utm_campaign=maleskine&utm_content=note&utm_medium=seo_notes&utm_source=recommendation