1 tar

.tar与.gz有什么联系与区别？

.tar 只是进行打包，并没有压缩。 则：

  用tar-cvf进行打包

  用tar-xvf进行解包。

.tar.gz 是既打包又压缩 ，则：

  tar –czvf [压缩包名] [文件或目录] // 打包，且使用 gzip 压缩

      注： 生成的【压缩包的包名】可随意命名，tar命令做解压、压缩时 均不会受影响。

           但建议，尽量规范化： 使用了 tar 打包，则：包名的文件格式后缀 第1段子后缀命名为 file.tar ; 以此类推，使用了 gizp 做压缩，则： .gz；若 二者均有使用，则： file.tar.gz

  tar –xzvf [压缩包名]             // 解包，且该包为 gzip 的压缩包

      注： -z,--gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip : 通过 gzip 过滤归档。如果被解压的包并没有通过gz压缩，则 使用了-z参数会报错(gzip: stdin: not in gzip format)

.gz 只压缩。只能针对文件。如果需要对一个目录下的全部文件压缩，则:

  gzip -r [目录]   // 文件夹压缩

  gzip [文件名]    // 文件压缩

  gzip –d [文件名] // 文件解压

tar 命令参数详解

shell# man tar

NAME

       tar - manual page for tar 1.26

SYNOPSIS

       tar [OPTION...] [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION

       GNU `tar' saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive, and can restore individual files from the archive.

       Note  that  this  manual page contains just very brief description (or more like a list of possible functionality) originally generated by the

       help2man utility.  The full documentation for tar is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If the info and tar programs are properly  installed  at

       your site, the command `info tar' should give you access to the complete manual.

EXAMPLES

       tar -cf archive.tar foo bar

              # Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.

       tar -tvf archive.tar

              # List all files in archive.tar verbosely.

       tar -xf archive.tar

              # Extract all files from archive.tar.

DEFAULTS

       *This* tar installation defaults to:

       --format=gnu -f- -b20 --quoting-style=escape --rmt-command=/sbin/rmt --rsh-command=/usr/bin/rsh

Main operation mode:

       -A, --catenate, --concatenate

              append tar files to an archive

       -c, --create

              create a new archive

       -d, --diff, --compare

              find differences between archive and file system

       --delete

              delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!)

       -r, --append

              append files to the end of an archive

       -t, --list

              list the contents of an archive

       --test-label

              test the archive volume label and exit

       -u, --update

              only append files newer than copy in archive

       -x, --extract, --get

              extract files from an archive

Common options:

       -C, --directory=DIR

              change to directory DIR

       -f, --file=ARCHIVE

              use archive file or device ARCHIVE

       -j, --bzip2

              filter the archive through bzip2

        -J, --xz

              filter the archive through xz

       -p, --preserve-permissions

              extract  information  about  file permissions (default for superuser)

       -v, --verbose

              verbosely list files processed

       -z, --gzip

              filter the archive through gzip

Operation modifiers:

       --check-device

              check device numbers when creating incremental archives (default)

       -g, --listed-incremental=FILE

              handle new GNU-format incremental backup

       -G, --incremental

              handle old GNU-format incremental backup

       --ignore-failed-read

              do not exit with nonzero on unreadable files

       --level=NUMBER

              dump level for created listed-incremental archive

       -n, --seek

              archive is seekable

       --no-check-device

              do not check device numbers when creating incremental archives

       --no-seek

              archive is not seekable

       --occurrence[=NUMBER]

              process  only the NUMBERth occurrence of each file in the archive; this option is valid only in conjunction with one of the subcommands

              --delete, --diff, --extract or --list and when a list of files is given either on the  command  line  or  via  the  -T  option;  NUMBER

              defaults to 1

       --sparse-version=MAJOR[.MINOR]

              set version of the sparse format to use (implies --sparse)

       -S, --sparse

              handle sparse files efficiently

Overwrite control:

       -k, --keep-old-files

              don't replace existing files when extracting, treat them as errors

       --keep-newer-files

              don't replace existing files that are newer than their archive copies

       --no-overwrite-dir

              preserve metadata of existing directories

       --overwrite

              overwrite existing files when extracting

       --overwrite-dir

              overwrite metadata of existing directories when extracting (default)

       --recursive-unlink

              empty hierarchies prior to extracting directory

       --remove-files

              remove files after adding them to the archive

       --skip-old-files

              don't replace existing files when extracting, silently skip over them

       -U, --unlink-first

              remove each file prior to extracting over it

       -W, --verify

              attempt to verify the archive after writing it

Select output stream:

       --ignore-command-error ignore exit codes of children

       --no-ignore-command-error

              treat non-zero exit codes of children as error

       -O, --to-stdout

              extract files to standard output

       --to-command=COMMAND

              pipe extracted files to another program

Handling of file attributes:

       --atime-preserve[=METHOD]

              preserve  access  times  on dumped files, either by restoring the times after reading (METHOD='replace'; default) or by not setting the

              times in the first place (METHOD='system')

       --delay-directory-restore

              delay setting modification times and permissions of extracted directories until the end of extraction

       --group=NAME

              force NAME as group for added files

       --mode=CHANGES

              force (symbolic) mode CHANGES for added files

       --mtime=DATE-OR-FILE

              set mtime for added files from DATE-OR-FILE

       -m, --touch

              don't extract file modified time

       --no-delay-directory-restore

              cancel the effect of --delay-directory-restore option

       --no-same-owner

              extract files as yourself (default for ordinary users)

       --no-same-permissions

              apply the user's umask when extracting permissions from the archive (default for ordinary users)

       --numeric-owner

              always use numbers for user/group names

       --owner=NAME

              force NAME as owner for added files

       -p, --preserve-permissions, --same-permissions

              extract information about file permissions (default for superuser)

       --preserve

              same as both -p and -s

       --same-owner

              try extracting files with the same ownership as exists in the archive (default for superuser)

       -s, --preserve-order, --same-order

              sort names to extract to match archive

Handling of extended file attributes:

       --acls Enable the POSIX ACLs support

       --no-acls

              Disable the POSIX ACLs support

       --no-selinux

              Disable the SELinux context support

       --no-xattrs

              Disable extended attributes support

       --selinux

              Enable the SELinux context support

       --xattrs

              Enable extended attributes support

       --xattrs-exclude=MASK

              specify the exclude pattern for xattr keys

       --xattrs-include=MASK

              specify the include pattern for xattr keys

Device selection and switching:

       -f, --file=ARCHIVE

              use archive file or device ARCHIVE

       --force-local

              archive file is local even if it has a colon

       -F, --info-script=NAME, --new-volume-script=NAME

              run script at end of each tape (implies -M)

       -L, --tape-length=NUMBER

              change tape after writing NUMBER x 1024 bytes

       -M, --multi-volume

              create/list/extract multi-volume archive

       --rmt-command=COMMAND

              use given rmt COMMAND instead of rmt

       --rsh-command=COMMAND

              use remote COMMAND instead of rsh

       --volno-file=FILE

              use/update the volume number in FILE

Device blocking:

       -b, --blocking-factor=BLOCKS

              BLOCKS x 512 bytes per record

       -B, --read-full-records

              reblock as we read (for 4.2BSD pipes)

       -i, --ignore-zeros

              ignore zeroed blocks in archive (means EOF)

       --record-size=NUMBER

              NUMBER of bytes per record, multiple of 512

Archive format selection:

       -H, --format=FORMAT

              create archive of the given format

              FORMAT is one of the following:

                     gnu    GNU tar 1.13.x format

                     oldgnu GNU format as per tar <= 1.12

                     pax    POSIX 1003.1-2001 (pax) format

                     posix  same as pax

                     ustar  POSIX 1003.1-1988 (ustar) format

                     v7     old V7 tar format

       --old-archive, --portability

              same as --format=v7

       --pax-option=keyword[[:]=value][,keyword[[:]=value]]...

              control pax keywords

       --posix

              same as --format=posix

       -V, --label=TEXT

              create archive with volume name TEXT; at list/extract time, use TEXT as a globbing pattern for volume name

Compression options:

       -a, --auto-compress

              use archive suffix to determine the compression program

       -I, --use-compress-program=PROG

              filter through PROG (must accept -d)

       -j, --bzip2

              filter the archive through bzip2

       -J, --xz

              filter the archive through xz

       --lzip filter the archive through lzip

       --lzma filter the archive through lzma

       --lzop

       --no-auto-compress

              do not use archive suffix to determine the compression program

       -z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip

              filter the archive through gzip

       -Z, --compress, --uncompress

              filter the archive through compress

       Note: You might need to install external program (lzip/ncompress/lzma...) to use some of these compression options

Local file selection:

       --add-file=FILE

              add given FILE to the archive (useful if its name starts with a dash)

       --backup[=CONTROL]

              backup before removal, choose version CONTROL

       -C, --directory=DIR

              change to directory DIR

       --exclude=PATTERN

              exclude files, given as a PATTERN

       --exclude-backups

              exclude backup and lock files

       --exclude-caches

              exclude contents of directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG, except for the tag file itself

       --exclude-caches-all

              exclude directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG

       --exclude-caches-under exclude everything under directories containing

              CACHEDIR.TAG

       --exclude-tag=FILE

              exclude contents of directories containing FILE, except for FILE itself

       --exclude-tag-all=FILE exclude directories containing FILE

       --exclude-tag-under=FILE

              exclude everything under directories containing FILE

       --exclude-vcs

              exclude version control system directories

       -h, --dereference

              follow symlinks; archive and dump the files they point to

       --hard-dereference

              follow hard links; archive and dump the files they refer to

       -K, --starting-file=MEMBER-NAME

              begin at member MEMBER-NAME in the archive

       --newer-mtime=DATE

              compare date and time when data changed only

       --no-null

              disable the effect of the previous --null option

       --no-recursion

              avoid descending automatically in directories

       --no-unquote

              do not unquote filenames read with -T

       --null                 -T reads null-terminated names, disable -C

       -N, --newer=DATE-OR-FILE, --after-date=DATE-OR-FILE

              only store files newer than DATE-OR-FILE

       --one-file-system

              stay in local file system when creating archive

       -P, --absolute-names

              don't strip leading `/'s from file names

       --recursion

              recurse into directories (default)

       --suffix=STRING

              backup before removal, override usual suffix ('~' unless overridden by environment variable SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX)

       -T, --files-from=FILE

              get names to extract or create from FILE

       --unquote

              unquote filenames read with -T (default)

       -X, --exclude-from=FILE

              exclude patterns listed in FILE

解压: 解压压缩文件到指定目录

tar -xvf <dirName/compressedFile>.tar.gz -C <targetDir> # 解出 compressedFile.tar.gz 包中所有文件

      -x, --extract, --get             解压，从归档中【解出】文件

      -c, --create                     create a new archive 压缩，创建一个压缩文件

      -C, --directory=DIR              change to directory DIR 改变至目录 DIR

      -v, --verbose                    详细地列出处理的文件

      -f, --file=ARCHIVE               使用归档文件或 ARCHIVE 设备

      -z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip   通过 gzip 过滤归档

      -j, --bzip2                      filter the archive through bzip2 通过 bzip2 过滤压缩文件

tar -xvf <dirName/compressedFile>.tar -C <targetDir> # 解出 compressedFile.tar 包中所有文件

tar -xjf <dirName/compressedFile>.tar.bz2 -C <targetDir> # 解压 compressedFile.tar.bz2 的文件

压缩

(↓方式1↓ 推荐)

tar -czvf fileName.tar.gz dirName

    # 对 dirName 文件(夹) 【打包(-c)】，且【压缩(-z)】 为 文件名称为 fileName.tar.gz 的压缩包

      -c, --create                     create a new archive 压缩，创建一个压缩文件

      -v, --verbose                    详细地列出处理的文件

      -f, --file=ARCHIVE               使用归档文件或 ARCHIVE 设备

      -z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip   通过 gzip 过滤归档

(↓方式2↓)

tar -cvf fileName.tar.gz dirName

    # 对 dirName 文件(夹) 【打包(-c)】，且【压缩(-z)】 为 文件名称为 fileName.tar.gz 的压缩包

      -c, --create                     create a new archive 压缩，创建一个压缩文件

      -v, --verbose                    详细地列出处理的文件

      -f, --file=ARCHIVE               使用归档文件或 ARCHIVE 设备

2 zip / unzip

解压

unzip <dirName/compressedFile>.zip -d <targetDir>

unzip -o /opt/sdc/ue/tomcat/portal.zip -d /opt/sdc/ue/tomcat/webapps

unzip -O CP936 xxx.zip 或者 zip -O CP936 -o xxx.zip

  CP936 -- GBK: IBM在发明Code Page的时候将GBK编码集放在第936页，所以叫CP936

  UTF8 -- UTF-8（8-bit Unicode Transformation Format）/ 一种针对Unicode的可变长度字符编码

压缩

zip -v filename.zip a.c b.c c.c e.c   # 压缩文件

zip -r <dirName/compressedFile>.zip <targetDir> # 压缩指定目录的文件

zip -r filename.zip file1 file2 file3 <targetDir>     # 压缩多个文件或目录

3 gzip / gunzip

GNU zip

gunzip是gzip的硬链接，请参考gzip

解压

gunzip -c abc.sql.gz > abc.sql # 解压到指定目录，保留源文件,-c

gzip -dv 压缩文件	# 解压并打印执行过程

压缩

gzip -c 待压缩文件 > 带压缩文件.gz	# 压缩文件并保留源文件

X 参考文献

.tar与.gz有什么联系与区别？ - 博客园
utf-8 和 cp936的区别 - CSDN
解决 linux 下面解压缩 中文文件名乱码问题的方法 unzip -O CP936 - 博客园

[Linux]常用命令之【tar/zip/unzip/gzip/gunzip】的相关教程结束。