一、简介
SQL语言
DDL：表、视图、索引、触发器操作等。CREATE/ALTER/DROP语句
DML：数据操作。SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE
DCL：权限设置。GRANT/REVOKE
数据库访问
不同的语言使用不同的数据库访问技术
C#使用ADO.NET，JAVA使用JDBC等
版本
Community Edition：免费、自由下载，无技术支持
Enterprise：收费、不能下载，有技术支持
Alpha：开发阶段
Beta：开发完成，未测试
Gamma：已发行一段时间的测试版
Generally Available（GA）：稳定版
工具
MySQL Community Server：客户端和服务器整合起来的核心包
MySQL Cluster：提供Mysql集群功能的程序包
MySQL Fabric：为高可用性和分片管理提供了一个框架
MySQL Utilities：提供维护和管理的实用工具
MySQL Workbench：可视化编辑工具
MySQL Proxy：MySQL中间件，代理接收发往MySQL数据库的请求，将需要求路由至不同的后端主机上去
MySQL Connectors：MySQL的连接器，程序连接MySQL的驱动
MySQL Yum Repository：下载MySQL的YUM源
MySQL APT Repository：APT源
RPM包
MySQL-client：客户端连接工具，GUI工具有navicat、phpmyadmin等
MySQL-server：服务器包
MySQL-devel：库和包含文件
MySQL-shared：某些语言和应用程序需要动态装载的共享库
MySQL-test：测试组件
MySQL-embedded：嵌入式
MySQL-bundle：整合包
相关文件
/etc/my.cnf：配置文件
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-5.6.26/my-default.cnf：参考配置文件
/usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf：同上
/usr/bin：客户端程序和脚本
/usr/sbin mysqld：服务器
/var/lib/mysql：日志文件，数据库
/usr/lib/mysql：数据库
/usr/share/doc/packages：文档
/usr/include/mysql：包含(头)文件
/usr/share/mysql：错误消息和字符集文件
/usr/share/sql-bench：基准程序
二、安装
环境：CentOS 6.7 x86、MySQL 5.6
报错，删除mysql-libs包
[root@CentOS MySQL]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.-.el6_6.i686
[root@CentOS MySQL]# yum remove mysql-libs-5.1.-.el6_6.i686
RPM
[root@CentOS MySQL]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.-.el6.i686.rpm
[root@CentOS MySQL]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.-.el6.i686.rpm
YUM
[root@CentOS ~]# yum install mysql-server mysql-client
防火墙
[root@CentOS ~]# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport -j ACCEPT
[root@CentOS ~]# service iptables save
[root@CentOS ~]# service iptables restart
配置
5.1版本root无密码；5.6安装完成后，root生成随机密码在/root/.mysql_secret
5.1有配置文件；5.6无配置文件，需从/usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf复制到/etc/my.cnf
5.1服务名mysqld，5.6为mysql
开启服务
[root@CentOS ~]# service mysql start
查看登录数据库账号root的密码
[root@CentOS ~]# cat .mysql_secret
# The random password set for the root user at Tue Sep :: (local time): 4VZTzey0LML2N7e1
初始化设置
[root@CentOS ~]# /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation --user=mysql #输入root的密码
Enter current password for root (enter for none): #是否修改root的密码
Change the root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success! #删除匿名用户
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
... Success! #禁止root远程登录
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
... Success! #删除测试数据库
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success! #重新加载权限表
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
... Success!
三、连接数据库
参数：
-h：主机名或IP
-P：端口号，默认3306
-u：用户名
-p：密码
-e：指定SQL语句
[root@CentOS ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
[root@CentOS ~]# mysql -u root -p db01#连接db01库
[root@CentOS ~]# mysql -h 192.168.41.135 -u root -p#远程连接
四、创建远程用户
user1用户拥有所有权限，%表示任意主机可登录
mysql> create user 'user1'@'%' identified by '';
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'user1'@'%';
五、迁移data目录
data目录应独立分区
关闭服务
[root@CentOS ~]# service mysql stop
移动目录
[root@CentOS ~]# mv /var/lib/mysql/ /data/
配置文件
[root@CentOS ~]# cp -a /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@CentOS ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock [mysql]
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock #sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
启动服务
[root@CentOS ~]# service mysql start
SELinux报错解决方法（mv命令保留权限，所以没报错）
[root@CentOS ~]# chcon -R -t mysqld_db_t /data//mysql
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