最近调试MPC5125的板子，第一步LTIB都装不过去，挫败感十足。
LTIB的安装镜像来自于freescale的ltib-mpc5121ads-200906，是用于Ubuntu 10版本之前的，现在就算装10.04也无法联网更新了，所以只能把服务器装为Ubuntu 12.04版本的，遂厚脸皮去问freescale的技术人员，得到答复，安装步骤如下：
a) 通过Ubuntu的自我更新进行更新；
b) 安装相关包；
sudo apt-get install patch g++ rpm zlib1g-dev m4 bison libncurses5-dev libglib2.0-dev gettext build-essential tcl intltool libxml2-dev liborbit2-dev libx11-dev ccache flex uuid-dev liblzo2-dev
c) 在Ubuntu中加载LTIB镜像并./install，此步骤仅完成LTIB安装第一步；
d) 修改visudo以增加用户权限，终端下打开/usr/sbin/visudo，增加如下命令：
ALL=NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/rpm, /opt/freescale/ltib/usr/bin/rpm
为Ubuntu所设置的个人用户名，非root
注意事项：如果该步导致sudoers文件出问题，需重启通过recovery mode -> root 进行恢复；
e) 修复Ltibutils.pm的问题。用vi或者gedit打开LTIB目录/bin/Ltibutils.pm，在对应行中插入/i386-linux-gnu。具体为，
563行：'glibc-devel' => sub { -f '/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libm.so' || -f '/usr/lib64/libz.so' },
583行：zlib => sub { my @f = (glob('/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libz.so*'),
584行：glob('/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libz.so*'),
保存退出；
f) 安装LTIB补丁，该补丁主要用于解决LTIB在Ubuntu 12.04下lkc等包的安装问题，下载地址点我。打补丁方法为：终端进入到补丁所在文件夹，输入命令：
sh install-patches.sh
为目标文件夹。完成后会提示DONE，会有一处错误；
g) 进入LTIB目录，终端运行./ltib，成功后会提示Build Succeeded。
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
一、LTIB简介
LTIB(Linux Target Image Builder)工程是一个使用在不同的目标平台下，用于开发和部署BSP(Board Support Packages)的简单工具。使用该工具，用户能够为其目标平台开发符合GNU/Linux标准的映像。
LTIB支持PPC,ARM,Coldfire等多种目标架构。包含超过200个用户使用的工具包以及通用跨平台的根文件系统。LTIB支持bootloader和内核映像的构建。编译时可对交叉编译工具进行选择。支持RAMDISK和JFFS2 Flash映像的创建。
二、安装
2.1、下载安装包与安装环境
从freescale官方网站下载 MPC837XERDB_20091207_ltib.iso。我使用的系统是centos5.5。
2.2、安装过程
1）、挂载iso光盘
进入root用户，使用命令mount挂载。
mount - o loop /yourisodirc/MPC837XERDB_20091207_ltib.iso /mnt/cdrom
这样就将iso镜像挂到了/mnt/cdrom下，要保证mnt下有cdrom目录。
2）、创建安装目录与文件拷贝
在你要安装ltib的路径下创建安装目录，比如ltib。
mkdir /home/yourcount/ltib
复制文件到你的目录。
cp -rf /mnt/cdrom/* /home/yourcount/ltib
3)、安装
进入ltib目录，执行./install，根据提示输入相应的路径。完成后就会在相应的目录下生成如图所示文件：
[benjorsun@localhost ltib-mpc837xerdb-20100107]$ ls
bin COPYING doc ltib RELEASE_INFO rootfs rootfs.ext2.gz.uboot rpm
config dist host_config.log README release_logs rootfs.ext2.gz rootfs_image tmp
在该目录下执行
./ltib --preconfig config/platform/mpc837xerdb/defconfig-8377e --batch
等待安装完成
在该目录下执行
./ltib --preconfig config/platform/mpc837xerdb/defconfig-8377e --batch
4）、bug修正
在安装过程中会遇到如下问题：
Processing: sparse
====================
Died at ./ltib line 1380.
traceback:
main::build_host_rpms:1380
main::host_checks:1435
main:542
Started: Mon Oct 29 10:02:03 2012
Ended: Mon Oct 29 10:02:04 2012
Elapsed: 1 seconds
These packages failed to build:
mtd-utils-20060302
Build Failed
我们进入root用户，修改/mtd-utils-20060302-cf-byteswap_h-1.patch，
vi /opt/freescale/pkgs/mtd-utils-20060302-cf-byteswap_h-1.patch
注掉 lines 46, 47 and 48 :
+//#if !defined _BYTESWAP_H && !defined _NETINET_IN_H +//# error "Never use directly; include instead." +//#endif
然后删除“/opt/freescale/ltib/usr/src/rpm/BUILD/mtd”这个目录
再运行./ltib --preconfig config/platform/mpc837xerdb/defconfig-8377e --batch
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
mtd-utils编译出错，导致ltib编译不过的解决办法！
LTIB Basics Installing the BSP Please follow the steps below to install LTIB on your host machine.
. As root, mount the ISO image on your machine ------------------------------------ $ mount -o loop <target-bsp.iso> <mount point> ------------------------------------ . As a non-root user, install LTIB ------------------------------------ $ <mount point>/install ------------------------------------
The BSP EULA will be presented for acceptance. To continue installing accept the license. Then, input the desired LTIB install path. Be sure the user has the correct permissions for the install path.
There are no uninstall scripts. To uninstall LTIB yhou need to remove the /opt/freescale/pkgs, /opt/preescale/ltib and <install_path>/ltib directories manually.
Running LTIB ~~~~~~~~~~~~ To run LTIB, change to the directory into which you installed it and run ./ltib.
--------------------------------- $ cd <install_path>/ltib
####ltib完成install之后首次必须执行./ltib
linux@ubuntu:~/ltib-mpc8315erdb-20080630$ ./ltib
Installing host support packages.
This only needs to be done once per host, but may take up to an hour to complete ...
If an error occurs, a log file with the full output may be found in: /home/linux/ltib-mpc8315erdb-20080630/host_config.log
Exiting on error or interrupt Please see >> /home/linux/ltib-mpc8315erdb-20080630/host_config.log for details
####查看出错的打印消息 linux@ubuntu:~/ltib-mpc8315erdb-20080630$ cat host_config.log Updating lpp from local packages
Processing platform: Host support packages ============================================ using /home/linux/ltib-mpc8315erdb-20080630/config/platform/host/ltib.preconfig
Processing: fake-provides ===========================
Processing: mkspooflinks ==========================
Processing: bison ===================
Processing: flex ==================
Processing: texinfo =====================
Processing: autoconf ======================
Processing: libtool =====================
Processing: lkc =================
Processing: wget ==================
Processing: uclinux-cksum ===========================
Processing: genext2fs =======================
Processing: genromfs ======================
Processing: gen_init_cpio ===========================
Processing: u-boot-tools ==========================
Processing: mtd-utils ======================= Build path taken because: no prebuilt rpm,
Cowardly refusing to clobber existing directory: /opt/freescale/ltib/usr/src/rpm/BUILD/mtd Remove this by hand if you really want to rebuild this package from scratch
scbuild/scdeploy already unpacked package
Processing: mtd-utils ======================= Build path taken because: build key set, no prebuilt rpm,
rpmbuild --dbpath ///opt/freescale/ltib/var/lib/rpm --target i686 --define '_unpackaged_files_terminate_build 0' --define '_target_cpu i686' --define '__strip strip' --define '_topdir /opt/freescale/ltib/usr/src/rpm' --define '_prefix /opt/freescale/ltib/usr' --define '_tmppath /home/linux/ltib-mpc8315erdb-20080630/tmp' --define '_mandir /opt/freescale/ltib/usr/share/man' --define '_sysconfdir /opt/freescale/ltib/etc' --define '_localstatedir /var' -bc --short-circuit /home/linux/ltib-mpc8315erdb-20080630/dist/lfs-5.1/mtd-utils/mtd-utils.spec Building target platforms: i686 Building for target i686 Executing(%build): /bin/sh -e /home/linux/ltib-mpc8315erdb-20080630/tmp/rpm-tmp.18676 + umask 022 + cd /opt/freescale/ltib/usr/src/rpm/BUILD + cd mtd + make -C util make: Entering directory `/opt/freescale/ltib/usr/src/rpm/BUILD/mtd/util' gcc -I../include -O2 -Wall -g -c -o ftl_format.o ftl_format.c -g -Wp,-MD,.ftl_format.c.dep In file included from /usr/include/endian.h:61, from /usr/include/sys/types.h:217, from ftl_format.c:38: ../include/bits/byteswap.h:21:3: error: #error "Never use <bits/byteswap.h> directly; include <byteswap.h> instead." make: *** [ftl_format.o] Error 1 make: Leaving directory `/opt/freescale/ltib/usr/src/rpm/BUILD/mtd/util' error: Bad exit status from /home/linux/ltib-mpc8315erdb-20080630/tmp/rpm-tmp.18676 (%build)
RPM build errors: Bad exit status from /home/linux/ltib-mpc8315erdb-20080630/tmp/rpm-tmp.18676 (%build) Build time for mtd-utils: 0 seconds
Failed building mtd-utils Died at ./ltib line 1225. traceback: main::build_host_rpms:1225 main::host_checks:1279 main:489
Started: Mon Feb 14 16:59:43 2011 Ended: Mon Feb 14 16:59:50 2011 Elapsed: 7 seconds
These packages failed to build: mtd-utils
Build Failed
解决办法
参考链接：
http://forums.freescale.com/t5/CodeWarrior-for-ColdFire-and/Tlib-build-for-8349-MDS/m-p/32167?view=by_date_ascending
直接修改源码：sudo vi /opt/freescale/ltib/usr/src/rpm/BUILD/mtd/include/bits/byteswap.h
注释一下三行（20-22）：
//#if !defined _BYTESWAP_H && !defined _NETINET_IN_H
//# error "Never use <bits/byteswap.h> directly; include <byteswap.h> instead."
//#endif
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
第一个问题：关于安装过程中需要超级权限，而ltib安装又不让用root用户安装，所以只有修改/etc/sudoers文件，
sudo visudo
在最后一行添加 username ALL=NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/rpm, /opt/freescale/ltib/usr/bin/rpm
需要添加的内容我是得到的过程是：
开始我在最后一行添加 username ALL=(ALL) ALL
执行./ltib
自动提示出来你需要添加的内容 我的当然就是username ALL=NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/rpm, /opt/freescale/ltib/usr/bin/rpm
再次执行 sudo visudo 修改最后一行的内容。
第二个rpm-build的问题：我的解决办法跟下面描述的不一样，rpmbuild是安装上了，但是我的原因是因为我使用sudo apt-get install rpm 默认安装的rpm版本太高是rpm4.7。最后我重新下载了rpm_4.4.2.3-1_i386.deb,由于安装包有相当多的依赖关系我总共下载了
librpm4.4_4.4.2.3-1_i386.deb
libbeecrypt6_4.1.2-7_i386.deb
libneon27_0.28.2-6.1_i386.deb
libcomerr2_1.41.3-1_i386.deb
相关下载deb包的地址：http://www.debian.org/distrib/packages
以后遇到的问题安装下面文章解决方法均的到解决。
以下转自：http://blog.chinaunix.net/u2/70351/showart_2005242.html
Howto Install Ltib in Fedora 10
Author: misty (qibing(a)yahoo.com.cn)
本文档是说明如何在Fedora 10系统上安装Freescale 提供的Ltib安装包。Ltib（Linux Target Imagine Build）是可以为不同平台开发和配置BSP的工具。Freescale为不同的平台（包括PowerPC，ColdFire，ARM等）提供来不同的Ltib，可以使用户很方便地移植Uboot，移植Linux内核，以及制作文件系统，使用Ltib只需要进行简单的配置，就可以帮我们完成其余的工作。
准备工作
首先到Freescale的网站上下载自己平台的BSP包，下载地址为：
| http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/overview.jsp?code=CW_BSP |
我下载的是MPC8349EA_MDS_K26_20061221-LTIB.iso，这是为MPC8349EA开发板提供的BSP。
安装Ltib
下载了BSP的ISO文件后，挂载这个iso文件，
|
下面操作的假设条件： MPC8349EA_MDS_K26_20061221-LTIB.iso在/home/qibing/目录下； 安装ltib到/home/qibing/ppc/目录下； “#”表示当前是以root权限操作； “$”表示当前是以普通用户权限操作； #cd /home/qibing #mount -o loop MPC8349EA_MDS_K26_20061221-LTIB.iso /mnt $cd /mnt $./intall $cd /home/qibing/ppc $cd ltib |
下面就要安装ltib了，但是在Fedora 10上按照的时候会有很多问题，我以走过这个流程的身份先把将要遇到的问题提出来，并解决这些问题，这样下面的安装过程才顺利。
如果这时运行./ltib则会遇到两个问题：
1. ltib安装是普通用户权限，但是部分操作需要root用户权限。按照提示进行如下操作，
|
#/usr/sbin/visudo 然后在文件最后添加如下内容： qibing ALL = NOPASSWD:/bin/rpm, /opt/freescale/ltib/usr/bin/rpm 注：visudo实际就是编辑文件/etc/sudoers文件 |
2. 提示缺少rpm-build包。
通过$rpm -qrpm-build命令查看rpm-build包已经安装了，这可能是ltib的问题或者其他函数的问题，解决方法是（从论坛上摘录的）：
|
From the directory where you type "./ltib" type "gedit ltib" if you have a Gnome install. I'm not sure what the KDE editor is, or use VI if you want edit in the console text mode. Search for "pre_install_deps". This is the table that "check_basic_deps" refers to. Look for a line that contains " rpm-buld 0". Comment out the line by adding "#" to the left of the line. Save and you should be good to go. |
如果这时继续运行./ltib安装，则还会有问题，我自己的error log文件弄丢了，这是网上摘录的：
|
cp ./initscan.c scan.c touch .bootstrap gcc -c -I. -I. -g -O ccl.c gcc -c -I. -I. -g -O dfa.c gcc -c -I. -I. -g -O ecs.c gcc -c -I. -I. -g -O gen.c gcc -c -I. -I. -g -O main.c gcc -c -I. -I. -g -O misc.c gcc -c -I. -I. -g -O nfa.c bison -y -d ./parse.y make: *** [parse.c] Segmentation fault error: Bad exit status from /home/nabendu/ltib-mpc8349emds-20061221/tmp/rpm-tmp.81449 (%build) RPM build errors: Bad exit status from /home/nabendu/ltib-mpc8349emds-20061221/tmp/rpm-tmp.81449 (%build) Build time for flex: 13 seconds Failed building flex Died at ./ltib line 1395. Started: Fri May 16 00:56:58 2008 Ended: Fri May 16 01:29:53 2008 Elapsed: 1975 seconds These packages failed to build: flex Build Failed |
解决的方法是：在运行./ltib之前，修改”dist/lfs-5.1/bison/bison.spec”文件，在%Build段修改make为make CFLAGS=-O0。然后再运行./ltib。
接着会遇到下面的问题，
|
+ umask 022
+ cd /opt/freescale/ltib/usr/src/rpm/BUILD + cd mtd make: Entering directory `/opt/freescale/ltib/usr/src/rpm/BUILD/mtd/util' gcc -I../include -O2 -Wall -g -c -o ftl_format.o ftl_format.c -g -Wp,-MD,.ftl_format.c.dep In file included from /usr/include/endian.h:61, from /usr/include/sys/types.h:217, from ftl_format.c:38: ../include/bits/byteswap.h:21:3: error: #error "Never use <bits/byteswap.h> directly; include <byteswap.h> instead." make: *** [ftl_format.o] Error 1 make: Leaving directory `/opt/freescale/ltib/usr/src/rpm/BUILD/mtd/util' error: Bad exit status from /home/qibing/ppc/ltib-mpc8349emds-20061221/tmp/rpm-tmp.88474 (%build) RPM build errors: Bad exit status from /home/qibing/ppc/ltib-mpc8349emds-20061221/tmp/rpm-tmp.88474 (%build) Build time for mtd-utils: 0 seconds Failed building mtd-utils Started: Thu Jul 23 22:06:36 2009 Ended: Thu Jul 23 22:06:37 2009 Elapsed: 1 seconds These packages failed to build: mtd-utils Build Failed |
解决方法是：修改“/opt/freescale/pkgs/mtd-utils-20060302-cf-byteswap_h-1.patch”文件，下面是网上论坛中摘录的解决方法：
|
Hi,
I had the same problem under Ubuntu 9.04. I solved it by modifying the lines 46, 47 and 48 of the "/opt/freescale/pkgs/mtd-utils-20060302-cf-byteswap_h-1.patch" file. +#if !defined _BYTESWAP_H && !defined _NETINET_IN_H +# error "Never use <bits/byteswap.h> directly; include <byteswap.h> instead." +#endif +//#if !defined _BYTESWAP_H && !defined _NETINET_IN_H +//# error "Never use <bits/byteswap.h> directly; include <byteswap.h> instead." +//#endif (very cheap solution, but ... it works 🙂 ) |
然后删除掉“/opt/freescale/ltib/usr/src/rpm/BUILD/mtd”这个目录，最后再运行./ltib，最后安装成功^_^。
使用Ltib
附录
1. 安装时出现错误的解决方法参看下面链接
http://forums.freescale.com/freescale/board/message?board.id=CWCFCOMM&thread.id=2044&view=by_date_ascending&page=1
2.
![[数据库/Java]数据库开发过程中产生的MySQL错误代码及其解决方案](https://www.kunjuke.com/file/css/thumb/8.jpg/280-180.jpg)
