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Python黑客编程2 入门demo--zip暴力破解
上一篇文章，我们在Kali Linux中搭建了基本的Python开发环境，本篇文章为了拉近Python和大家的距离，我们写一个暴力破解zip包密码的小程序。这个例子来自于《Voilent Python》一书，这也是一本python黑客编程的入门书，推荐大家看一看。
照顾没有接触过Python编程的同学，行文可能会有些啰嗦。
废话少说，我们进入正题。
2.1 准备基本材料
在/home/ziptest/目录下，我创建了两个文件，一个test.zip，是一个设置了密码的zip包，密码为456789。
dict.txt文件是一个字典文件，简单的配置了几个密码。
下面我们打开开发工具，开始编写测试代码。
2.2 zipfile
在python中操作zip文件，最简单的方式就是使用zipfile模块，使用该模块可以用来判断一个文件是否是压缩文件，创建、解压文件，获取zip文件的元数据信息。可以使用python的help方法查看该模块的使用方法。
这里我们首先关注下ZipFile类。
该类用来打开，读取，修改，解压zip文件。我们想要操作一个zip文件，第一步就是初始化ZipFile实例。下面我们打开我们准备好的text.zip文件。
import zipfile
zFile = zipfile.ZipFile("/home/test.zip");
我们只传了一个路径参数进去，从帮助文档我们可以看到，后面三个参数都有默认值，这里我们使用默认值就够了。
下面我们关注下ZipFile类的extractall方法。
extractall方法，是把压缩包里面的内容都解压出来，三个参数，path是解压的路径，members是需要解压出来的文件，pwd是密码。
现在我们可以测试下文件解压了。
import zipfile
zFile = zipfile.ZipFile("/home/ziptest/test.zip");
zFile.extractall("/home/",pwd="456789");
运行这个脚本。
密码正确的话，会正常解压文件。如果密码不正确会出现什么情况呢？我们在代码中输入一个错误的密码。
import zipfile
zFile = zipfile.ZipFile("/home/ziptest/test.zip");
zFile.extractall(path="/home/ziptest",pwd="4567890");
结果如下：
程序会抛出“bad password”的异常。
我们可以通过捕获异常，测试多个密码。
2.3 读取字典文件
在Python中打开文件，使用open方法，这是一个内置方法，查看open的帮助文档，可以看到该方法的参数说明。
open方法返回一个file对象，利用file对象，我们可以读取文件的具体内容。下面我们在代码中测试一下。
import zipfile
passFile = open('/home/ziptest/dict.txt');
for line in passFile.readlines():
password = line.strip('\n');
print(password);
运行结果如下：
下面我们利用读取到的密码来暴力测试zip文件。
import zipfile
zFile = zipfile.ZipFile("/home/ziptest/test.zip");
passFile = open('/home/ziptest/dict.txt');
for line in passFile.readlines():
password = line.strip('\n');
try:
zFile.extractall(path="/home/ziptest",pwd=password);
print("password is:"+password);
exit();
except:
pass;
在上面的代码中，我们使用try—except进行异常捕获，密码不正确的时候，程序跳过继续执行。密码正确的时候打印密码，终止程序。运行结果如下：
到目前为止，我们的脚本已经具备了暴力破解zip文件的功能，大家可以看到只有十几行的代码。下面我们为了提升程序的可用性，重构一下这个脚本，利用函数划分功能。
2.4 重构，用函数划分功能
首先定义一个extractFile函数，该函数接收三个参数，一个zipfile对象，解压的目标路径，密码，如果解密成功则返回密码。
def extractFile(toPath,zFile,password):
try:
zFile.extractall(path=toPath,pwd=password);
return password;
except Exception,e:
return;
下面我们再声明一个main方法。
def main():
zFile = zipfile.ZipFile("/home/ziptest/test.zip");
passFile = open('/home/zip/test/dict.txt');
for line in passFile.readlines():
password = line.strip('\n');
guess = extractFile("/home/",zFile,password);
if guess:
print('scucess'+password);
exit();
在main方法中，首先初始化了zipfile对象，然后打开字典文件，循环读取密码，传给extractFile方法调用。
分离 了两个方法之后，我们需要在程序的入口处调用main方法，完整代码如下：
import zipfile
def extractFile(toPath,zFile,password):
try:
zFile.extractall(path=toPath,pwd=password);
print('scucess'+password);
return password;
except Exception,e:
return;
def main():
zFile = zipfile.ZipFile("/home/ziptest/test.zip");
passFile = open('/home/ziptest/dict.txt');
for line in passFile.readlines():
password = line.strip('\n');
guess = extractFile("/home/",zFile,password);
if guess:
print('scucess'+password);
exit();
if __name__=='__main__':
main();
这样一来，代码清晰了很多，但是我们更换zip文件和字典文件的时候，还是需要修改代码，很不方便，正常的程序都应该可以传递参数的，ok，下面我们引入optparse库。
2.5 optparse
Python 有两个内建的模块用于处理命令行参数：
一个是 getopt，《Deep in python》一书中也有提到，只能简单处理 命令行参数；
另一个是 optparse，它功能强大，而且易于使用，可以方便地生成标准的、符合Unix/Posix 规范的命令行说明。
首先先引入optparse模块，然后强制添加两个参数，zip文件名和字典文件名。先看代码：
def main():
parser = optparse.OptionParser("usage%prog "+\
"-f <zipfile> -d <dictFile>");
parser.add_option('-f',dest='zname',type='string',help='specify zip file');
parser.add_option('-d',dest='dname',type='string',help='specify dict file');
(options,args)=parser.parse_args();
if(options.zname==None)|(options.dname==None):
print parse.usage;
exixt(0);
else:
zname=options.zname;
dname=options.dname;
zFile = zipfile.ZipFile(zname);
passFile = open(dname);
for line in passFile.readlines():
password = line.strip('\n');
guess = extractFile("/home/",zFile,password);
if guess:
print('scucess'+password);
exit(0);
首先初始化一个OptionParser对象，然后添加两个选项——“-f”和“-d”。之后在程序运行的时候通过parse_args方法获取输入的参数，如果参数为空，则打印使用方法，退出程序。
下面使用终端来测试这个程序。
无参数情况下：
输入参数：
2.6 小结
这个程序本身并没有什么难点，但是通过这个入门案例，我们可以体验Python编程的基本方法，如何查看帮助文档，如何引入模块，初始化对象，操作zip文件，打开本地文件，命令行参数设置。
原书中，作者有为程序增加多线程的例子，但是实在是太过于粗暴，容易误导大家都多线程的使用，所以我这篇文章直接略过了。
之后的文章，我们会在此基础上继续深入，敬请期待。
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