MockMvc和Mockito之酷炫使用

由于项目中需要添加单元测试，所以查询之后发现Mockito非常适合现在的web项目。

首先需要添加pom依赖：

<dependency>

    <groupId>junit</groupId>

    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>

    <version>4.11</version>

    <scope>test</scope>

</dependency>

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>

    <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>

    <version>1.9.5</version>

</dependency>

在ControllerTest类上需要添加如下配置：

//XML风格

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@WebAppConfiguration(value = "src/main/webapp")

@ContextHierarchy({

        @ContextConfiguration(name = "parent", locations = "classpath:spring-config.xml"),

        @ContextConfiguration(name = "child", locations = "classpath:spring-others.xml")

})  

OR

//注解风格

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@WebAppConfiguration(value = "src/main/webapp")

@ContextHierarchy({

        @ContextConfiguration(name = "parent", classes = AppConfig.class),

        @ContextConfiguration(name = "child", classes = MvcConfig.class)

}) 

MockMvc为spring测试下的一个非常好用的类，配合Mockito使用能达到非常好的效果，他们的初始化需要在setUp中进行，具体代码如下：

@Autowired

private WebApplicationContext wac;

private MockMvc mockMvc;

@Mock

private DemoService demoService;

@Before

public void setUp() throws Exception {

    // 构造appcontext

    mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();

    // 初始化Mock

    MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);

}

这样mockMvc和Mockito的方法就可以在下面顺利使用了，例如：

@Test

public void testHelloWorld() throws Exception {

    // 1. controller mvc test

    MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/demo/hello"))                
　　　　.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().handlerType(DemoController.class))            
　　　　.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().methodName("helloWorld"))                
　　　　.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.view().name("demo/hello"))                
　　　　.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.model().attributeExists("msg"))                
　　　　.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())                
　　　　.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())                
　　　　.andReturn();

    Assert.assertNotNull(result.getModelAndView().getModel().get("msg"));

    // 2. demo service stub test

    String stub = "except result";

    Mockito.when(demoService.demoShow()).thenReturn(stub);

    Assert.assertEquals(stub, demoService.demoShow());

    Mockito.verify(demoService).demoShow();

}

MockMvc可以对controller中的一次调用进行模拟，perform就是一次请求，MockMvcRequestBuilders进行url的请求，andExcept方法为对Controller类、调用方法、视图和model的预期设置，andDo进行这次请求的执行，最后andReturn返回。

Mockito通过方法when()、thenReturn()等方法可以对方法进行打桩，让后续方法按照自己的数据桩来返回，达到了隔离依赖的效果。

整体的测试代码如下：

import com.demo.service.DemoService;

import junit.framework.Assert;

import org.junit.Before;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import org.mockito.Mock;

import org.mockito.Mockito;

import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;

import org.springframework.test.context.ContextHierarchy;

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;

import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;

import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

/**

 * DemoControllerTest.

 */

//注解风格

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@WebAppConfiguration(value = "src/main/webapp")

@ContextHierarchy({

        @ContextConfiguration(name = "parent", locations = "classpath:spring-config.xml")

})

public class DemoControllerTest {

    @Autowired

    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Mock

    private DemoService demoService;

    @Before

    public void setUp() throws Exception {

        // 构造appcontext

        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();

        // 初始化Mock

        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);

    }

    @Test

    public void testIndex() throws Exception {

        MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/demo/"))

                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().handlerType(DemoController.class))

                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().methodName("index"))

                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.view().name("demo/index"))

                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())

                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())

                .andReturn();

        Assert.assertNotNull(result.getModelAndView().getViewName());

    }

    @Test

    public void testHelloWorld() throws Exception {

        // 1. controller mvc test

        MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/demo/hello"))

                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().handlerType(DemoController.class))

                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().methodName("helloWorld"))

                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.view().name("demo/hello"))

                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.model().attributeExists("msg"))

                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())

                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())

                .andReturn();

        Assert.assertNotNull(result.getModelAndView().getModel().get("msg"));

        // 2. demo service stub test

        String stub = "except result";

        Mockito.when(demoService.demoShow()).thenReturn(stub);

        Assert.assertEquals(stub, demoService.demoShow());

        Mockito.verify(demoService).demoShow();

    }

}

MockMvc和Mockito之酷炫使用的相关教程结束。