s12-20160507-day16

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-->

pytho自动化开发 day16

Date:2016.05.07

    @南非波波

课程大纲：

http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/articles/5457672.html

一、Django起步

1.创建Django项目

两种方式：使用pycharm工具进行创建

         使用manage命令进行创建

2.url设计

3.views视图设计

4.Template版本设计

二、Template模板渲染

1.调用后端传递的数据

<h3>username:{{user_obj.username}}</h3>

<h3>E-mail:{{user_obj.email}}</h3>

2.使用for循环进行遍历数据

<url>

    {% for user_info in user_obj %}

        <li style="">username:{{user_info.username}},E-mail:{{user_info.email}}</li>

    {% endfor %}

</url>

3.使用if进行相关条件判断

<url>

    {% for user_info in user_obj %}

    {#  {% if user_info.username == "swht" %}#} <!--可以直接判断某个字符串，然后进行处理-->

        {% if forloop.counter0|divisibleby:"2" %} <!--使用forloop。counter参数获取遍历的当前数字。counter0是从0开始的索引值，divisibleby:"2"是指能够被2整除-->

            <li style="background-color: aqua">username:{{user_info.username}},E-mail:{{user_info.email}}</li>

        {% else %}

            <li style="">username:{{user_info.username}},E-mail:{{user_info.email}}</li>

        {% endif %}

    {% endfor %}

</url>

4.模板的继承与复用

使用主页的头部进行继承，然后将主体进行重写

index.html

{% block header-menu %}

    <ul >

        <li style="display: inline-block">Home</li>

        <li style="display: inline-block">page1</li>

        <li style="display: inline-block">page2</li>

        <li style="display: inline-block">page3</li>

    </ul>

    {% endblock %}

    {% block content-container %}

    <h2>这是文章的首页</h2>

    <!--<h3>username:{{user_obj.username}}</h3>-->

    <!--<h3>E-mail:{{user_obj.email}}</h3>-->

    <url>

        {% for user_info in user_obj %}

{#            {% if user_info.username == "swht" %}#} <!--可以直接判断某个字符串，然后进行处理-->

            {% if forloop.counter0|divisibleby:"2" %} <!--使用forloop。counter参数获取遍历的当前数字。counter0是从0开始的索引值，divisibleby:"2"是指能够被2整除-->

                <li style="background-color: aqua">username:{{user_info.username}},E-mail:{{user_info.email}}</li>

            {% else %}

                <li style="">username:{{user_info.username}},E-mail:{{user_info.email}}</li>

            {% endif %}

        {% endfor %}

    </url>

    {% endblock %}

year.html

{% extends 'article/index.html' %}

{% block content-container %}

    <h1>这是{{ year_obj.year }}年的文章</h1>

{% endblock %}

说明：

{% extends 'article/index.html' %} 语法是继承主页的所有属性

{% block content-container %}

{% endblock%}  语法说明该语块是可以被重写的

模板的继承和重写支持：子继承父、孙继承子

三、配置文件

1.setting文件说明

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))  指定了当前项目文件的基础路径

SECRET_KEY = '-i6p7t+w6@&duki)8s88tf=_ms%@z8fz4_5g@vhvzp@tij36w$' django通信KEY，我们一般不需要进行修改

DEBUG = True  #选项为True时，属于开发环境，当遇到错误时会弹出默认的提示大黄页，当选项为False时，属于生产环境，需要下面的关键字进行配合设置

ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] #当DEBUG = False时，ALLOWED_HOSTS = [*]，即允许所有主机访问，当访问的资源不存在时，默认会返回默认的404页面提示

INSTALLED_APPS=[] #这里需要配置我们安装的应用的名称

TEMPLATES = [] #这里指定项目模板的路径，一般不需要修改，但也可以自定义路径

DATABASES = {} #这里默认使用sqlite3数据库进行存储，我们可以修改成支持的其他数据库类型

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' #这里的时区参数需要选择上海时区

2.设置mysql数据库配置

DATABASES = {

    'default':{

        'ENGINE':'django.db.backends.mysql',

        'NAME':'blog',

        'HOST':'127.0.0.1',

        'PORT':'3306',

        'USER':'root',

        'PASSWORD':'',

    }

}

Windows下面安装mysql环境：http://www.cnblogs.com/songqingbo/p/5080847.html

创建所需的数据库：

    create database blog charset utf8;

3.mysql数据库初始化

models

class Author(models.Model):

    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    email = models.EmailField()

    def __unicode__(self):

        return "<%s %s>" %(self.first_name,self.last_name)

    class Meta:

        verbose_name_plural = u"作者"

    #def __str__()

class Publisher(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=64,unique=True)

    address = models.CharField(max_length=128,null=True,blank=True)

    city = models.CharField(max_length=64)

    state_province = models.CharField(max_length=30,help_text="put your country code here..",verbose_name=u"所属省")

    country = models.CharField(max_length=50,editable=False)

    website = models.URLField()

    def __unicode__(self):

        return "<%s>" %(self.name)

class Book(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=128)

    authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)

    publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher)

    #publish_date = models.DateTimeField

    publish_date = models.DateField()

    def __unicode__(self):

        return "<%s>" %(self.name)

由于django需要MySQLdb进行连接mysql数据库，需要安装MySQLdb模块和vc++ for python2.7环境包。

python2 manage.py makemigrations  #生成数据库创建表文件

    Migrations for 'article':

      0001_initial.py:

        - Create model Author

        - Create model Book

        - Create model Publisher

        - Add field publisher to book

python2 manage.py migrate #将表结构写入数据库

    Operations to perform:

      Apply all migrations: admin, article, contenttypes, auth, sessions

    Running migrations:

      Rendering model states... DONE

      Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK

      Applying auth.0001_initial... OK

      Applying admin.0001_initial... OK

      Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK

      Applying article.0001_initial... OK

      Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK

      Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK

      Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK

      Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK

      Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK

      Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK

      Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK

4.创建后台用户

admin.py

    #增加下面的语句作用是使用admin后台进行数据库的管理操作

    import models

    admin.site.register(models.Author)

    admin.site.register(models.Book)

    admin.site.register(models.Publisher)

python2 manage.py createsuperuser #创建一个超级用户

四、使用django命令对数据库进行基础操作

进入python django shell

shell>>python2 manage.py shell

查询数据

>>>from article.models import Publisher

>>>publisher_list = Publisher.objects.all() #查询所有的出版社列表

>>>publisher_list[1].name #查询第2个出版社的名称

>>>publisher_list[1].id #查询第2个出版社的id

增加一条数据

>>> p1 = Publisher.objects.create(name='SWht',address='haidian',city='beijing',state_province='CA',country='CN',website='http://www.songqingbo.cn')

>>>p2 = Publisher(name='SWht2',address='haidian1',city='beijing',state_province='CA',country='CN',website='http://www.songqingbo.cn')

>>>p2.save() #增加数据两种方式，1.使用对象的objects的create方法进行数据的创建，2.使用对象的save方法进行数据的保存。

数据库过滤查询

>>> from article.models import Author

>>> author_list = Author.objects.all()

>>> author_list

[<Author: >, <Author: >]

>>> Author.objects.filter(first_name='shen')

[<Author: >]

获取单个对象

>>> Author.objects.get(first_name='shen')

<Author: >

>>> Author.objects.get(id='1')

<Author: >

>>> Author.objects.get(id='2')

<Author: >

注意：如果查询没有返回结果也会抛出异常

数据排序

>>> Author.objects.orderby("firstname")

[<Author: >, <Author: >]

>>> Author.objects.order_by("id")

[<Author: >, <Author: >]

数据更新

>>> author = Author.objects.get(last_name='test')

>>> author.last_name = 'diaoxia'

>>> author.save()

>>> Author.objects.all()

[<Author: >, <Author: >]

删除对象

>>> author = Author.objects.get(first_name='alix')

>>> author

<Author: >

>>> author.delete()

(2L, {u'article.Book_authors': 1L, u'article.Author': 1L})

>>> Author.objects.all()

[<Author: >]

python开发学习-day16(Django框架初识)

pytho自动化开发 day16

Date:2016.05.07

一、Django起步

二、Template模板渲染

三、配置文件

四、使用django命令对数据库进行基础操作

python开发学习-day16(Django框架 初识)的相关教程结束。

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