--//继续昨天的测试,今天主要是测试恢复.
--//我想给自己增加一点点难度,就是使用noresetlogs打开,因为这样重建的控制文件要读取redo,数据文件重新
--//回填一些信息,实际上resetlogs也类似,但是noresetlogs回填的控制文件seq很大,一样打不开数据库.
--//也就是必须提到我前面要修改的数据文件以及redo文件的几个偏移位置.
1.环境:
scott@book> @ ver1
port_string version banner
------------------------------ -------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x86_64/linux 2.4.xx 11.2.0.4.0 oracle database 11g enterprise edition release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit production
--//首先做一个冷备份便于重复测试:
$ cp /mnt/ramdisk/book/*.* /u01/tmp/
*/
2.首先注意要修改的位置:
$ seq 6 | xargs -iq echo "p dba q,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq" | rlbbed| grep kccfhcsq
bbed> ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0xffffffff
bbed> ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0xffffffff
bbed> ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0xffffffff
bbed> ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0xffffffff
bbed> ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0xffffffff
bbed> ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0xffffffff
--//数据文件块1的偏移40的位置.
$ seq 501 503 | xargs -iq echo "dump /v dba q,1 offset 36 count 8" | rlbbed | grep 00900100
f8ffffff 00900100 l ........
fcffffff 00900100 l ........
fcffffff 00900100 l ........
--//redo文件的位置.
$ echo 15,17,281,319 | tr ',' '\n' | xargs -iq echo -e 'set dba 101,q\ndump /v offset 8 count 8' | rlbbed | grep -c2 "\-\-"
bbed> file: /mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl (101)
block: 15 offsets: 8 to 15 dba:0x1940000f
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ffffffff ffff0104 l ........
--
bbed> file: /mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl (101)
block: 17 offsets: 8 to 15 dba:0x19400011
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ffffffff ffff0104 l ........
--
bbed> file: /mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl (101)
block: 281 offsets: 8 to 15 dba:0x19400119
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
85ffffff ffff0104 l ........
--
bbed> file: /mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl (101)
block: 319 offsets: 8 to 15 dba:0x1940013f
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
83ffffff ffff0104 l ........
--//控制文件的位置,以上内容是昨天的分析.控制文件的修改比较麻烦我重建使用noresetlogs建立,主要这样修改我不确定这样操作是否
--//会遗漏.
3.修改脚本准备:
$ seq 6 | xargs -iq echo -e "assign dba q,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000\nsum apply dba q,1"
assign dba 1,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 1,1
assign dba 2,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 2,1
assign dba 3,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 3,1
assign dba 4,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 4,1
assign dba 5,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 5,1
assign dba 6,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 6,1
--//手工执行如上命令.如果不想手工执行,必须在第2行加上y,这样可以通过管道执行.
$ cat aa.txt
assign dba 1,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
y
sum apply dba 1,1
assign dba 2,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 2,1
assign dba 3,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 3,1
assign dba 4,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 4,1
assign dba 5,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 5,1
assign dba 6,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 6,1
--//修改redo文件:
$ seq 501 503 | xargs -iq echo -e "modify /x 77770000 dba q,1 offset 36\nsum apply dba q,1"
modify /x 77770000 dba 501,1 offset 36
sum apply dba 501,1
modify /x 77770000 dba 502,1 offset 36
sum apply dba 502,1
modify /x 77770000 dba 503,1 offset 36
sum apply dba 503,1
--//我按照输出修改如下:
$ cat bb.txt
modify /x 17770000 dba 501,1 offset 36
y
sum apply dba 501,1
modify /x 57770000 dba 502,1 offset 36
sum apply dba 502,1
modify /x 37777000 dba 503,1 offset 36
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
sum apply dba 503,1
--//注:下划线的地方我修改错误.
4.建立建立控制文件脚本:
--//这个过程略,在mount阶段(不能使用当前的控制文件,可以使用备份的控制文件),执行alter database backup controlfile to trace.
--//也可以手工建立:
$ cat /tmp/aa.txt
startup nomount
create controlfile reuse database "book" noresetlogs force logging archivelog
maxlogfiles 16
maxlogmembers 3
maxdatafiles 100
maxinstances 8
maxloghistory 292
logfile
group 1 '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redo01.log' size 50m blocksize 512,
group 2 '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redo02.log' size 50m blocksize 512,
group 3 '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redo03.log' size 50m blocksize 512
-- standby logfile
-- group 4 '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redostb01.log' size 50m blocksize 512,
-- group 5 '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redostb02.log' size 50m blocksize 512,
-- group 6 '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redostb03.log' size 50m blocksize 512,
-- group 7 '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redostb04.log' size 50m blocksize 512
datafile
'/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf',
'/mnt/ramdisk/book/sysaux01.dbf',
'/mnt/ramdisk/book/undotbs01.dbf',
'/mnt/ramdisk/book/users01.dbf',
'/mnt/ramdisk/book/example01.dbf',
'/mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf'
character set zhs16gbk
;
5.开始恢复:
$ cat aa.txt | rlbbed
$ cat bb.txt | rlbbed
--//输出略.
--//检查:
$ seq 6 | xargs -iq echo "p dba q,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq" | rlbbed| grep kccfhcsq
bbed> ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0x77770000
bbed> ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0x77770000
bbed> ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0x77770000
bbed> ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0x77770000
bbed> ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0x77770000
bbed> ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0x77770000
$ seq 501 503 | xargs -iq echo "dump /v dba q,1 offset 36 count 8" | rlbbed | grep 00900100
17770000 00900100 l .w......
57770000 00900100 l ww......
37777000 00900100 l 7wp.....
~~~~~~~~~~
--//这里输入错误.
--//建立控制文件.
sys@book> @ /tmp/aa.txt
oracle instance started.
total system global area 643084288 bytes
fixed size 2255872 bytes
variable size 205521920 bytes
database buffers 427819008 bytes
redo buffers 7487488 bytes
control file created.
$ dbv file=/mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl blocksize=16384
dbverify: release 11.2.0.4.0 - production on thu feb 25 09:19:00 2021
copyright (c) 1982, 2011, oracle and/or its affiliates. all rights reserved.
dbverify - verification starting : file = /mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl
dbverify - verification complete
total pages examined : 614
total pages processed (data) : 0
total pages failing (data) : 0
total pages processed (index): 0
total pages failing (index): 0
total pages processed (other): 29
total pages processed (seg) : 0
total pages failing (seg) : 0
total pages empty : 585
total pages marked corrupt : 0
total pages influx : 0
total pages encrypted : 0
highest block scn : 2004287491 (65535.2004287491)
--//2004287491 = 0x77770003.
--//昏后面的3从哪里跑出来的,估计哪里搞错了.
bbed> dump /v dba 101,1 offset 40 count 8
file: /mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl (101)
block: 1 offsets: 40 to 47 dba:0x19400001
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
04007777 66020000 l ..wwf...
<32 bytes per line>
--//昏前面的修改错误.大小头问题搞晕了.bbed的修改应该是0x00007777,所以做这类恢复工作要小心小心在小心.前面的检查也没注意.
--//还有就是redo修改脚本也存在错误.
$ cat aa.txt
assign dba 1,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
y
sum apply dba 1,1
assign dba 2,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
sum apply dba 2,1
assign dba 3,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
sum apply dba 3,1
assign dba 4,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
sum apply dba 4,1
assign dba 5,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
sum apply dba 5,1
assign dba 6,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
sum apply dba 6,1
$ cat aa.txt | rlbbed
$ seq 6 | xargs -iq echo "p dba q,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq" | rlbbed| grep kccfhcsq
bbed> ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0x00007777
bbed> ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0x00007777
bbed> ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0x00007777
bbed> ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0x00007777
bbed> ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0x00007777
bbed> ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0x00007777
--//建立控制文件的步骤从来.
sys@book> @ /tmp/aa.txt
oracle instance started.
total system global area 643084288 bytes
fixed size 2255872 bytes
variable size 205521920 bytes
database buffers 427819008 bytes
redo buffers 7487488 bytes
control file created.
$ dbv file=/mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl blocksize=16384
dbverify: release 11.2.0.4.0 - production on thu feb 25 09:28:18 2021
copyright (c) 1982, 2011, oracle and/or its affiliates. all rights reserved.
dbverify - verification starting : file = /mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl
dbverify - verification complete
total pages examined : 614
total pages processed (data) : 0
total pages failing (data) : 0
total pages processed (index): 0
total pages failing (index): 0
total pages processed (other): 29
total pages processed (seg) : 0
total pages failing (seg) : 0
total pages empty : 585
total pages marked corrupt : 0
total pages influx : 0
total pages encrypted : 0
highest block scn : 7370554 (65535.7370554)
--//7370554 = 0x70773a
bbed> dump /v dba 101,1 offset 40 count 8
file: /mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl (101)
block: 1 offsets: 40 to 47 dba:0x19400001
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3b777000 66020000 l ;wp.f...
<32 bytes per line>
--//先不管它,.看看是否可以open.
--//昏事后仔细检查我前面的脚本写成如下:
modify /x 37777000 dba 503,1 offset 36
--//多写了一个7.颠倒就是0x00707737 = 7370551,这样比较接近了.
sys@book> alter database open ;
alter database open
*
error at line 1:
ora-01113: file 1 needs media recovery
ora-01110: data file 1: '/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf'
sys@book> recover database ;
media recovery complete.
sys@book> alter database open ;
database altered.
sys@book> select controlfile_sequence# from v$database;
controlfile_sequence#
---------------------
7370584
--//ok恢复成功.
5.重来:
--//从冷备份恢复.
sys@book> shutdown immediate;
database closed.
database dismounted.
oracle instance shut down.
$ /bin/cp /u01/tmp/* /mnt/ramdisk/book/
*/
$ cat aa.txt
assign dba 1,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
y
sum apply dba 1,1
assign dba 2,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
sum apply dba 2,1
assign dba 3,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
sum apply dba 3,1
assign dba 4,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
sum apply dba 4,1
assign dba 5,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
sum apply dba 5,1
assign dba 6,1 kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
sum apply dba 6,1
$ cat bb.txt
modify /x 17770000 dba 501,1 offset 36
y
sum apply dba 501,1
modify /x 57770000 dba 502,1 offset 36
sum apply dba 502,1
modify /x 37770000 dba 503,1 offset 36
sum apply dba 503,1
--//其它步骤忽略.
$ dbv file=/mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl blocksize=16384 2>&1 | grep highest
highest block scn : 30586 (65535.30586)
--//30586 = 0x777a,这样与我的测试接近了.
sys@book> alter database open ;
alter database open
*
error at line 1:
ora-01113: file 1 needs media recovery
ora-01110: data file 1: '/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf'
sys@book> recover database ;
media recovery complete.
sys@book> alter database open ;
database altered.
sys@book> select controlfile_sequence# from v$database;
controlfile_sequence#
---------------------
30616
--//30616= 0x7798.
rman> list incarnation ;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
list of database incarnations
db key inc key db name db id status reset scn reset time
------- ------- -------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1 1 book 1337401710 current 925702 2015-11-24 09:11:12
--//没有生成新的incarnation
6.收尾:
--//执行如下,里面的脚本选择性执行:
-- configure rman configuration record 1
variable recno number;
execute :recno := sys.dbms_backup_restore.setconfig('controlfile autobackup','on');
-- configure rman configuration record 2
variable recno number;
execute :recno := sys.dbms_backup_restore.setconfig('device type','disk parallelism 3 backup type to backupset');
-- configure rman configuration record 3
variable recno number;
execute :recno := sys.dbms_backup_restore.setconfig('default device type to','disk');
-- commands to re-create incarnation table
-- below log names must be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- alter database register logfile '/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/book/1_1_824297850.dbf';
-- alter database register logfile '/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/book/1_1_896605872.dbf';
-- recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
recover database
-- all logs need archiving and a log switch is needed.
alter system archive log all;
-- database can now be opened normally.
alter database open;
-- commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- other tempfiles may require adjustment.
alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/mnt/ramdisk/book/temp01.dbf' reuse;
-- end of tempfile additions.
--
--
--
----------------------------------------------------------
-- the following script can be used on the standby database
-- to re-populate entries for a standby controlfile created
-- on the primary and copied to the standby site.
----------------------------------------------------------
alter database add standby logfile '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redostb01.log'
size 50m blocksize 512 reuse;
alter database add standby logfile '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redostb02.log'
size 50m blocksize 512 reuse;
alter database add standby logfile '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redostb03.log'
size 50m blocksize 512 reuse;
alter database add standby logfile '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redostb04.log'
size 50m blocksize 512 reuse;
7.总结:
--//有点乱,但是记录我整个操作过程.我之所以这样写,便于以后回忆总结,也避免一些低级错误.
--//建议遇到这类文件选择重建控制文件选择resetlogs,不建议像我这样操作,我自不过当作练刀过程.
8.补充说明:
--//前面我提到的rlbbed我建立的bash shell函数,你可以使用别名代替,效果一样的.
$ export rlwrap=$(which rlwrap)
$ type rlbbed
rlbbed is a function
rlbbed ()
{
cd /home/oracle/bbed;
$rlwrap -s 9999 -c -r -i -f /usr/local/share/rlwrap/bbed $oracle_home/bin/bbed parfile=bbed.par cmdfile=cmd.par
}
--//关于bbed配置看相关文档.
$ cat cmd.par
set count 64
set width 160
$ cat bbed.par
blocksize=8192
listfile=$home/bbed/filelist.txt
mode=edit
password=blockedit
spool=y
--//filelist.txt文件通过select file#||' '||name c100 from v$dbfile order by file#;生成.我增加了控制文件以及redo文件.
--//还有临时文件.
$ cat filelist.txt | grep -v "#"
4 /mnt/ramdisk/book/users01.dbf
1 /mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf
2 /mnt/ramdisk/book/sysaux01.dbf
3 /mnt/ramdisk/book/undotbs01.dbf
5 /mnt/ramdisk/book/example01.dbf
6 /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf
101 /mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl
102 /mnt/ramdisk/book/control02.ctl
201 /mnt/ramdisk/book/temp01.dbf
501 /mnt/ramdisk/book/redo01.log
502 /mnt/ramdisk/book/redo02.log
503 /mnt/ramdisk/book/redo03.log
504 /mnt/ramdisk/book/redostb01.log
